20th edition of the International Scientific Conference
Defense Resources Management in the 21st Century
30 – 31 October 2025, Brasov, Romania
ON-LINE EDITION
PICTURES FROM THE EVENT
ARTICLES
COMMANDING OFFICERS’ ROLE IN MOTIVATING PEOPLE
Ivane APTSIAURI
Ministry of National Defense, Armenia
Abstract: This essay offers an in-depth exploration of the critical role commanding officers play in fostering motivation among their personnel, both in military and broader organizational settings. Motivation is not merely a supplemental aspect of leadership — it is a cornerstone of effective command, directly influencing mission readiness, unit cohesion, morale, and long-term organizational performance. The essay begins by examining the significance of motivation in high-pressure environments, where mental resilience, trust, and clarity of purpose are essential. It then evaluates the comparative strengths of transformational and transactional leadership styles, noting that effective leaders often incorporate both approaches to achieve a balance between visionary inspiration and structured accountability.
Beyond leadership theory, the essay delves into practical methods of motivation, including the power of recognition and feedback, the necessity of transparent and empathetic communication, and the importance of providing opportunities for growth and development. These elements, when delivered consistently, build trust and psychological safety, allowing individuals to thrive. The paper also emphasizes the commanding officer’s role as a role model — someone who leads by example in integrity, courage, and dedication, reinforcing the values they wish to instill in their team. Attention to personnel well-being, both physical and psychological, emerges as a key leadership responsibility, especially in environments that demand sustained performance under stress. The essay concludes by asserting that motivation cannot be commanded; it must be inspired through authentic leadership, emotional intelligence, and a deep investment in people. In doing so, commanding officers not only ensure tactical success but also cultivate an enduring legacy of respect, loyalty, and excellence.
Key words: motivation; hierarchy; leadership; effectiveness; collective success
THE IMPACT OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES ON FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT INFLOWS: A CASE STUDY OF MOROCCO
Sabir Al Maslouhi AYOUB
Administration of National Defense, Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco
Abstract: This research explores the intricate connection between military spending and FDI inflows in Morocco. By utilizing a strong theoretical foundation and practical examination, the study investigates whether military expenditures in Morocco create a favourable environment for investment or dissuade foreign investors by shifting resources away from key economic areas. The results point out a complex situation covering multiple areas related to defense spending in relation with the prosperity of the economy as a whole. Also, other dimensions were addressed, namely investors’ trust, attractiveness, national security by merging theoretical insights and data from several decades. These findings are crucial for policymakers who want to maximize defense spending efficiency and promote long-term economic growth. By exploring Morocco as a case study, it offers a practical framework for researchers to analyze the balance between national security priorities and sustainable economic development in emerging economies.
Key words: Military spending; FDI; National security; Economic growth; Attractiveness
THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSITION FROM THE VUCA MODEL
TO THE BANI MODEL ON MILITARY OR GANIZATION
MANAGEMENT
Dorel BADEA, Colonel, Professor, Engineer. PhD,
Diana-Elena RANF, Associate Professor, PhD
Gabriel MĂNESCU, Associate Professor, PhD
“Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania
Abstract: The article presents a summary of an exploratory study that highlights two modern concepts of contemporary management – VUCA and BANI, tailored to the field of security and defence, and in particular to the field of military organization management. The aim is to determine the main areas impacted in the military organization in the context of this new managerial paradigm – BANI, an analysis that needs to be corroborated with other current concepts in military science theory and practice. Subsequently, the aim is to identify lines of effort that need to be operationalized so that the transition has a minimized negative impact, adapted to the general security context. The role of resilience and education in such frameworks of change is emphasized.
Key words: defence: management; BANI model; resilience; VUCA
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH ON NATO’S HUMANITARIAN
DIPLOMACY
Ebru CAYMAZ, Assoc. Prof.
Ahmet Ali ARTUN, Canakkale Provincial Director
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Department, Canakkale/Türkiye
Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidenc, /Canakkale/Türkiye
Abstract:NATO has a growing humanitarian role at the international area especially since the beginning of 2000s. Albeit being a military alliance, NATO’s values and strategic interests, as well as its capabilities and tools for disaster response have been transformed over time. Owing to providing disaster-aid and humanitarian-relief in an efficient and timely manner, its humanitarian diplomacy has become a successful case study for relief organizations. Accordingly, this article aims to examine and reveal NATO’s humanitarian diplomacy based on its major relief operations. It is concluded that This study concludes that it is necessary to institutionalize a multi-dimensional diplomacy approach based on cultural sensitivity and to develop strategic foresight capabilities in the era of polycrisis.
Key words: Disaster Management; Humanitarian Aid; Humanitarian Diplomacy; NATO
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEFENSE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Vepa CHARYYEV
National Defense University, Turkmenistan
Can military effectiveness be enhanced through?
Mission Command – lessons learned from recent conflicts
THE INTEGRATION OF OSINT, SIGINT, AND TECHINT
SOURCES IN MODERN MILITARY ANALYSIS
Dionisie CIUBOTARU
Head of Advanced Distributed Learning Service, Center for Studies and Quality Management; Assistant Professor, Department of Communications and Informatics, Faculty of Military Sciences, “Alexandru cel Bun” Military Academy
Abstract: Modern military analysis relies on integrating intelligence sources—OSINT, SIGINT, and TECHINT—to form a comprehensive picture of the operational environment. OSINT provides open-source insights, SIGINT intercepts communications, and TECHINT assesses enemy technology. Their combined use enhances accuracy, reduces misinformation, and supports effective decision-making. In today’s volatile geopolitical climate, this “all-source intelligence” model is essential for informed military planning and command.
Key words: OSINT; SIGINT; TECHINT; intelligence; military analysis; information warfare; integration
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS AN ELEMENT OF
INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE MILITARY
Dionisie CIUBOTARU
Head of Advanced Distributed Learning Service, Center for Studies and Quality Management; Assistant Professor, Department of Communications and Informatics, Faculty of Military Sciences, “Alexandru cel Bun” Military Academy
Abstract: The article explores the essential role of organizational culture in military information security. Beyond technology and regulations, security relies on shared values, norms, and behaviors that guide personnel in handling sensitive information. A strong culture prevents leaks, strengthens resilience against hybrid and cyber threats, and promotes discipline in following security rules. The analysis covers four areas: defining organizational culture in the military, its link to information security, risks from weak cultures, and strategies to reinforce cultural foundations for better information protection.
Keywords: organizational culture; information security; military discipline; loyalty; leadership; confidentiality; NATO; resilience; ethics.
COMMANDING OFFICERS’ ROLE IN MOTIVATING PEOPLE IN THE ARMENIAN ARMY
Tigran CHALABYAN
Ministry of National Defense, Armenia
Abstract: This essay examines the pivotal role of commanding officers in motivating soldiers within the Armenian Armed Forces. It delves into how effective leadership transcends mere command, focusing instead on fostering deep commitment, resilience, and optimal performance, particularly in challenging geopolitical contexts. The discussion explores key motivational strategies, including building trust and respect, ensuring clear communication aligned with national vision, leading by personal example and courage, empowering and developing subordinates, providing culturally relevant recognition, and cultivating strong unit cohesion and esprit de corps. Ultimately, the essay argues that a commanding officer’s ability to inspire and sustain motivation is fundamental to the success of missions and the overall security of the Armenian nation.
Key words: motivation; armed forces; commandind officers;trust, cohesion; success.
MILITARY DRONE THE WEAPON OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Chimerciuc Nicolae, PhD.
„Alexandru cel Bun” Military Academy of the Armed Forces, Republic of Moldova
Abstract:This article is dedicated to the emergence and development of civilian and military drones, in the context of armed conflicts, especially in recent times. The military field has undergone profound changes through the diversity of combat actions and weapons. It has been demonstrated that the use of all means and forces in an armed confrontation significantly changes the physiognomy of the battle and the armed operation/conflict as a whole. The content and the nature of security threats. Armed conflicts are increasingly showing their dependence on artificial intelligence, profoundly changing the art of war. Technological advantages, especially those related to artificial intelligence (AI), have become decisive, and military superiority is no longer determined by the number of troops and the power of conventional weapons. Drones and AI-guided missiles are omnipresent in combat operations. Thus, drones in the near future will be equipped with increased artificial intelligence, which will ensure a maximum degree of efficiency. It is possible that drones will have unlimited access and the ability to changes (adapts), so that it can move from one environment to another or move on the ground. The drone may become the symbolic weapon of the 21st century. But, as soon as a new type of combat weapon has appeared, new changes must immediately appear in the doctrines and tactics of conducting combat operations.
Key words: military drone, artificial intelligence, armed conflict, security, threat, military doctrine, interoperability.
UNIT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: EFFECTIVENESS,
COHESION, READINESS
Nana CHOCHIA
Ministry of National Defense, Georgia
Abstract: Unit performance management and unit level of readiness are one of the most important issues in a military organization. It helps the unit identify where it is in the process of achieving its goals, what challenges and barriers it faces, as well as review short-term and long-term plans, thereby increasing the unit’s effectiveness and making it more effective. Unit performance management is directly related to its effectiveness, cohesion, readiness. The main point of the paper is to analyze the importance of unit performance and determine interconnection between the unit performance and effectiveness, cohesion and readiness also identify most common unit performance management systems and analyze how they are employed. To achieve the goal set in the thesis, the paper discusses the following issues: unit performance management meaning in military system, defining role of performance management a unit effectiveness context, types of cohesion and performance management influence of unit cohesion, unit readiness assessment tools and performance management importance, in the paper will be reviewed: various sources on the issue that was raised, also the paper will propose definitions of the most common unit performance management systems and some practical examples of what kind of roles they are playing in the military organization development. As a result of the paper, it was determined that unit performance management holds an irreplaceable place in unit effectiveness, cohesion, readiness. It can be said, that unit performance management and measuring organizational effectiveness play kay role in the development of organization and the achievement of its goals.
Key words: management; performance; cohesion; readiness; challenges; effectiveness
FUNDAMENTAL ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN PERFORMANCE
MANAGEMENT WITHIN BUREAUCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
Aura CODREANU, Associate Professor, Dr.
Cristina ANTONOAIE, Lecturer, Dr.
Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies, Brasov, Romania
Abstract:The values underpinning performance management in any organization are trust, individual and procedural fairness, constructive feedback, respect and decision-making transparency. However, the very nature of bureaucratic institutions represented by features like job specialization, standardization, rules and procedures, paperwork, record-keeping, and hierarchy of authority may inadvertently generate ethical challenges impeding upon honest and effective performance and henceforth the results of performance evaluation. Consequently, the goal of the current article is to analyze the most challenging situations in bureaucratic institutions from the perspective of performance management, namely human resource performance assessment and evaluation, and make a number of recommendations by which the latter can be reformed.
Key words: bureaucracy, procedural compliance, organizational effectiveness, professional autonomy, discretion, ethical values, accountability, transparency
EDUCATION AS COMPONENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY APPROACH
Maria Constantinescu, Associate Professor, PhD
Vlad Ionut Dumitrache, Associate Professor, PhD
Brîndușa Maria Popa, Lecturer, PhD
DRESMARA, National Defense University Carol I, Brasov, Romania
Abstract:The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that education is the unifying foundation for all pillars of comprehensive security, including economic resilience, technological superiority, military readiness, and democratic cohesion. The paper examines the direct national security implications of declining educational standards, from recruitment crises in technologically advanced militaries to the erosion of civic literacy, which leaves nations vulnerable to disinformation and internal division. It concludes that fragmented, incremental reforms are insufficient. Instead, a deliberate, unified, and sustained national effort is required, built on a series of concrete policy recommendations. This paper makes the case for a fundamental reframing of education as a core national security investment, essential for securing a nation’s future in an increasingly complex and competitive world.
Key words: education, comprehensive, security, approach, resilience
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Daniel DOICARIU, Senior Instructor, PhD
„Carol I” National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) presents enormous potential in education. Military education and training require exploration of the integration of artificial intelligence into learning and training systems to improve educational results and military skills. This article aims to analyze the current use of artificial intelligence, outline the benefits and challenges associated with its integration, and assess its impact on ethical aspects and responsibility. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature, focusing on relevant sources and current offic ial documents issued by NATO, the European Union, and national institutions, in order to document the process of integrating artificial intelligence into the military domain. Despite significant limitations, such as data protection problems and the complex ity of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, the results obtained highlight the potential of these technologies to profoundly transform educational processes by facilitating personalized training tailored to the individual needs of learners
Key words: education; training; military exercises and evaluation; artificial intelligence; AI ethics; governance.
HOW THE EUROPEAN WHITE PAPER OF DEFENSE CAN
RESHAPE DEFENSE POLICIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Vlad Ionut DUMITRACHE Associate Professor PhD.
Maria CONSTANTINESCU Associate Professor PhD.
Brîndușa Maria POPA University Lecturer PhD.
Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies , National Defense University “Carol I”, Brasov, Romania
Abstract:Due to current existing risks and threats the European Union has taken a major leap in terms of closing defense strategic capability gaps. It means to do so by record allocations for the European defense industry while also accelerating the transformation of the entire landscape of defense. For many European nations, defense planning and policies through capabilities development have meant the solitary use of the NATO Defense Planning Process. By analyzing, the European White Paper of Defense it is the aim of this paper to try and analyze how the EU’s defense strategy will match NATO’s agenda and how far can an organization like the European Union develop defense driven objectives that correlate with the needs of its member states.
Key words: defense industry, defense expenditures, defense policies, defense marketplace
DEFENSE RESOURCE PLANNING CHALLENGES IN THE
CURRENT SECU RITY ENVIRONMENT
Nino GIORGOBIANI
Ministry of National Defense, Georgia
Abstract:Modern defense resource planning faces unprecedented challenges driven by rapid technological change, shifting geopolitical dynamics, and evolving societal norms. This paper examines four critical dimensions shaping defense planning in the 21st century: human capital, economic constraints, technological integration, and logistical complexity. It highlights how traditional military structures and planning models are increasingly misaligned with the demands of contemporary security environments, including hybrid warfare, cyber threats, and multi-domain operations. The analysis emphasizes the urgent need for adaptive, agile, and innovation-driven strategies to ensure military readiness and strategic advantage. By exploring these interconnected challenges, the paper offers insights into how defense institutions can evolve to meet future security demands in a complex and uncertain global landscape.
Key words: reusource plannig; challenges; oportunities; readiness; strategic advantage
EMOTIONAL CULTURE IN SPORT: THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVE S AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
* Assist. prof. Elisabeta-Emilia HALMAGHI, PhD
** Assoc. prof. Fabiana MARTINESCU-BĂDĂLAN, PhD
* Faculty of Military Management, ”Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania
** Faculty of Military Sciences, ”Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania
Abstract:In the era when we are talking about robots, drones and artificial intelligence in all areas, even in physical activities, we must remember that emotional intelligence is the basis of humanity. This small but very important detail makes us different from everything around us.
In sports, under the huge pressure of results, we see the dedication, strength, speed, technique that they possess, talent, the team’s struggle to win, but never what is inside, what is behind them, namely the emotions of the athletes.
The emotional state of athletes depends on many variables, such as awareness of their own feelings and the possibility of managing them, recognition of certain emotional states of opponents or teammates, the effect that supporters or critics have, as well as the emotions transmitted indirectly by coaches. It should not be forgotten that emotions can be a motivating or demotivating factor, and for a sporting activity this can be decisive.
Key words: competition; emotional culture; emotions; individual performance; sport; success.
THE INFLUENCE OF MILITARY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
ON PEOPLE’S MOTIVATION AND RETENTION
Mariam JOKHADZE
Ministry of National Defense, Georgia
Abstract:Military culture has a big impact on how motivated service members feel and whether they choose to stay in the military. Unlike regular jobs, the military has a strict structure that focuses on discipline, duty, and teamwork. These values shape how soldiers see their roles, how dedicated they are, and whether they want to continue serving.
People in the military are motivated by different factors. Some are inspired by a sense of patriotism, strong friendships, and personal growth. Others are driven by rewards like promotions, good pay, and recognition. While these factors help keep morale high, staying in the military long-term depends on leadership, work-life balance, and career opportunities.
Key words: motivation; armed forces; military culture; efficiency; effectiveness
NON ECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS IN DEFENSE
Tornike KARTLELISHVILI
Ministry of National Defense, Georgia
Abstract:The defence sector plays a multifaceted role in shaping both the economic and non-economic landscapes of a nation. This paper explores the economic benefits of defence, focusing on job creation, technological advancements, industrial growth, and trade opportunities. The defence industry provides millions of jobs, spanning a wide range of professions from engineers to assembly line workers. In particular, the U.S. Department of Defence employs over 3 million people, which underscores the sector’s role in supporting individuals, families, and local economies. The multiplier effect of defence spending is evident in the increased demand for local services, such as housing and retail, within defence-centric communities. Additionally, defence R&D drives technological innovation, leading to breakthroughs like the internet and GPS, which have broad civilian applications, further fostering economic growth. Defence spending also supports industrial growth in sectors such as aerospace, electronics, and cybersecurity, benefiting both large corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Defence exports play a critical role in national economic strategy, providing revenue while strengthening international partnerships and regional stability.
On the non-economic front, national security remains the primary purpose of defence spending. A strong military deters external threats, ensuring stability and protection for a nation’s citizens and infrastructure. This sense of security is foundational to a society’s functioning, enabling citizens to thrive without the fear of aggression. Defence capabilities also contribute to geopolitical stability, allowing nations to participate effectively in diplomacy and conflict resolution. Military strength acts as a bargaining tool in international negotiations, helping nations to secure favourable outcomes and prevent conflicts. Furthermore, the defence sector fosters social cohesion by uniting individuals from diverse backgrounds through shared experiences in military service. This bond contributes to national identity and pride, promoting greater social stability and engagement.
The interdependence of economic and non-economic benefits is evident in the relationship between economic growth and national security. A thriving economy supports military investment, while a capable military secures economic interests and facilitates trade. Defence spending also fosters social stability, enhancing public trust and civic participation. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach to defence policy is necessary, one that balances military preparedness with broader societal priorities to ensure long-term prosperity, resilience, and security.
Key words: economic and non-economic benefits;economy; innovation; national security; economic growth.
THE BUDGET MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES IN TUNISIA
Kortas KHALED
Ministry of National Defense, Tunisia
Abstract:The budgetary management by objectives is part of the establishment of a new mode of management of the State budget based on the principle of good governance which aims to improve efficiency and ensure transparency in the execution of the state budget.
Thus, budget management by objective not only allows for better spending but also improve the efficiency of public action. We can therefore say that the main objectives of this new system are the strengthening of transparency and the optimization of the financial management of public expenditure.
For this purpose, This paper explores the concept, nomenclature, and implementation of Budget Management by Objectives in Tunisia, highlighting its role in enhancing fiscal responsibility, optimizing public resources, and fostering economic development and the final chapter depicts the functioning of budget management by objective within Tunisian armed forces.
Key words: maanagement by objectives; budget; governance; public resouces; optimization
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING INTEGRATED
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (IHRM) IN MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
Tauqeer Ali KIANI
Army, GHQ, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Abstract:Efficient management of human resource is essential in military organizations, for operational readiness, personnel development, professional performance management, and mission effectiveness. However, traditional HRM systems of military organizations, with inherent complexities in organizational structures/ deployment requirements, relies on legacy/ manual procedures and often struggle with integration, efficiency, and adaptability. The advancement of technology/ digital tools are offering opportunities for transforming military HRM by enhancing recruitment, training, performance management, and workforce planning. This research aims to explore that how emerging technologies/ digital tools (such as AI, data analytics and automation etc) can be integrated into HRM system of Military Organizations, identify factors impeding the effective integration of these solutions and chalk out strategies for overcoming these challenges; with a focus to optimize operational readiness and workforce management. The findings suggest that adopting advanced digital HRM solutions can significantly improve efficiency, decision-making, and personnel management in military organizations. Paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers/ military HRM professionals on leveraging technology for a more integrated/ effective HRM system.
Key words: Technology in Military HRM systems, Integrated Human Resource Management (IHRM), Human Resource Information System (HRIS), Workforce Planning, Performance Management.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN TUNISIA
Ihsan KNOUZI
Ministry of National Defense, Tunisia
Abstract: Risk management in Tunisian public procurement is vital to ensure the efficiency and transparency of public spending. Financial, technical, legal, and corruption risks can jeopardize project success. Rigorous risk identification, assessment, and the implementation of appropriate mitigation strategies are essential. Training and awareness-raising for stakeholders, the use of information technology, and public-private collaboration are levers to strengthen risk management. Concrete recommendations, such as improving the legal framework and strengthening institutional capacity, can contribute to improving the situation. Ultimately, effective risk management in public procurement is essential to guarantee the optimal use of public funds and the country’s economic development.
Key words: risk; procurement;public funds;costs; overruns.
FAKE NEWS AND THE TUNISIAN ARMY
Sami Ben LTAIEF
Ministry of National Defense, Tunisia
Abstract:The rise of fake news has significantly impacted military institutions, including the Tunisian army, by undermining public trust and operational effectiveness. This research examines the relationship between misinformation and the military, focusing on the Tunisian context. The study highlights the Tunisian army’s proactive strategies, such as legal frameworks, collaboration with media, and cybersecurity measures, to combat misinformation. Case studies illustrate the consequences of fake news, including strained diplomatic relations and public confusion. The paper also discusses challenges like resource constraints and evolving technologies, proposing solutions such as media literacy and international cooperation. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of vigilance and adaptability to safeguard military credibility in the digital age.
Key words: fake news; manipulation; information; misinformation; military.
TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORKS, A FACTOR OF
CONNECTION, SECURITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Mircea Sebastian MANCIA, lecturer Ph.D.,
Gabriela A. POPOVICIU, lecturer Ph.D.,
Liliana PAINA, lecturer Ph.D.
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cadastre and Architecture, Department of Cadastre, University of Oradea, Oradea , Romania
Faculty of Environmental Protectiont, Department of Agriculture-Horticulture, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cadastre and Architecture, Department of Cadastre, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
Abstract: This paper considers the geopolitical, economic and security realities that oblige the Romanian state to apply new policies to ensure accessibility with its neighbours, with the member countries of the European Union, but also with the NATO member countries. Shortening the distances from the starting point to the destination means saving time, energy and road safety. Romania must develop and modernize its transport network according to the new European model. Through judicious planning of the road, railway and navigation infrastructure, European transport corridors will be created, with a strategic importance for economic, social and defence development in case of conflicts. By investing in transport infrastructure, it can become a pillar of Romania’s economic development, as well as of the country’s defence.
Key Words: traffic safety, sustainable mobility, trans-European transport network, economic cohesion, cross-border connections, geopolitical context;
OPTIMIZATION OF MILITARY TRANSPORT CORRIDORS: A
CRITICAL DETERMINANT OF A RMENIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY
Sergey MANUKYAN
Ministry of National Defense, Armenia
Abstract: This white paper examines the strategic imperative of optimizing military transport corridors for the republic of Armenia. In light of recent regional conflicts and geopolitical challenges, we analyse infrastructure modernization requirements, technological solutions, and international cooperation frameworks necessary to enhance Armenia’s military mobility capabilities. The document provides actionable recommendations based on global best practices adapted to Armenia’s unique geographical and political context
Key words: security; transport corridors; geopolitical challenges; regional conflicts
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING PUBLIC SAFETY
Fouad OSMANI
Ministry of National Defence, Algeria
Abstract:This work examines the pivotal role of technological innovations in enhancing the effectiveness of public safety operations, with a focus on advanced technological solutions that improve resource management, preventive measures, and emergency response strategies. These technologies enable public safety agencies to adopt a more proactive approach to safety management, thus enhancing their ability to respond to evolving challenges. However, integrating these technologies presents several challenges, including budget constraints, cybersecurity threats, resistance to change within organizations, and the need for continuous skill development to keep up with rapid technological advancements. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring the successful adoption and implementation of new technologies.
To guide this process, the work advocates for adopting a Capabilities-Based Planning (CBP) approach, supported by the DOTMLPFI (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities, and Interoperability) framework. This strategic approach highlights the need for aligning organizational capabilities with public safety goals, ensuring that technological solutions are effectively integrated into the operational structure. By focusing on comprehensive assessments, resource optimization, continuous professional development, and stakeholder engagement, public safety organizations can optimize their technological investments. This methodology not only supports the smooth adoption of advanced technologies but also fosters greater interagency collaboration, ultimately strengthening community resilience and ensuring public safety in an increasingly complex and connected world.
Key words: public safety; technologies; strategies; capabilities; challenges; planning; management; preventive
CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN MILITARY
EDUCATION: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC LEADERS AND
STRENGTHENING NATIONAL RESILIENCE
Brîndușa Maria POPA, PhD, University Lecturer
Maria CONSTANTINESCU, PhD, Assistant Professor
Vlad Ionuț DUMITRACHE , PhD, Assistant Professor
Regional Department for Defense Resources Management Studies, Department of Management, National Defense University “Carol I”, Brașov, Romania
Abstract:This paper examines the evolving role of military education as a driver of organizational culture, strategic leadership development, and national resilience. Drawing on NATO, EU, and Romanian defense policy documents, as well as academic literature on professional military education (PME), the study argues that modern military education must balance tradition with innovation while integrating digital capabilities, interdisciplinary curricula, and civil–military cooperation frameworks. The paper proposes policy recommendations and identifies structural challenges such as curricular rigidity, limited interinstitutional integration, and resistance to organizational change. Overall, it highlights the critical role of military education as a strategic enabler within contemporary security ecosystems.
Key words: military education, organizational culture, strategic leadership, national resilience, NATO, EU security, Romania
CAPABILITIES BASED PLANNING IN MILITARY LOGISTICS:
COLOMBIAN MILITARY FORCES CASE
Hugo Hernando HERRERA RAMÍREZ
Ministry of National Defense, Colombia
Abstract:In the contemporary global security landscape, armed forces must navigate increasingly complex and dynamic challenges. Capabilities-Based Planning (CBP) has emerged as a strategic approach to defense planning, emphasizing the development of versatile capabilities to meet a wide range of operational scenarios rather than focusing solely on specific threats. This paper explores the implementation of CBP in different national contexts, with a focus on NATO and Colombia, highlighting the benefits and challenges of this approach.
NATO has been a pioneer in adopting CBP, promoting interoperability and resource optimization among its member states. This approach allows NATO to maintain readiness and cohesion across diverse scenarios, enhancing its collective defense capabilities. In contrast, Colombia’s experience with CBP underscores the adaptability of the model in resource-constrained environments. Despite logistical and infrastructural challenges, Colombia has successfully implemented CBP as part of its transformation and future of the Public Force program, prioritizing critical capabilities and optimizing resource use to address emerging threats.
Key words: Capabilities, Planning, Defense, Transformation , Strategy , Logistics , Interoperability, Sovereignty, Evaluation , Security.
CURRENT STATE OF ICT DEVELOPMENT IN TUNISIA
Samaali SASSI
Ministry of National Defense, Tunisia
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the current state of ICT development in Tunisia, examining key components such as the country’s broadband and mobile networks, the growing digital economy, and the development of key ICT sectors including e-government, e-education, e-health, and fintech. It also highlights the roles played by both the public and private sectors in driving this progress, as well as the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Key words: Information and Communication Technology (ICT); the growing digital economy; economic growth
CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE
SOLUTIONS FOR INFORMATION ASSURANCE IN MILITARY NETWORKS
Fiodor TIMERCAN
“Alexandru cel Bun” Armed Forces Military Academy, Republic of Moldova
Abstract:The rapid evolution of military operations in cyberspace has introduced unprecedented challenges to information assurance within military networks. These networks are frequent targets of advanced persistent threats (APTs), zero-day vulnerabilities, and insider risks, which can compromise operational readiness and national security. Traditional security mechanisms are no longer sufficient to address the sophistication and persistence of modern cyberattacks. This paper discusses the current cybersecurity challenges faced by military organizations and presents innovative approaches to strengthen defense capabilities. Key solutions include the deployment of next-generation firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), and the integration of artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring and anomaly detection. Special emphasis is placed on the need for adaptive and resilient security architectures capable of responding dynamically to evolving threats. The study provides insights into best practices and highlights future directions for enhancing the security posture of military information networks, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data.
Key words: cybersecurity, military networks, information assurance, advanced persistent threats, intrusion detection, artificial intelligence.
EMPLOYEE DEMOTIVATION BETWEEN THE PHENOMENON
OF BOREOUT AND BURNOUT
Elida-Tomița TODĂRIȚĂ, Asst. prof. PhD
„Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy/Management Department/Sibiu/ Romania
Abstract:The study of this article started from the idea that the level of motivation of human resources is increasingly lower. The statement is justified by the increasing time spent by individuals at work, unrewarded activities or even by the lack of creativity, disinterest in the organization. Boreout and burnout are two current and common phenomena in organizations, regardless of the size or field of activity. Their accentuation can affect both individual and organizational performance, and there is the possibility of major dysfunctions. The main objective of this article is to show what are the causes of the appearance of these two phenomena in the organization, what are the consequences and how they manifest themselves depending on the generation from which the employees come.
Key words: demotivation, performance, human resources, burnout, boreout, generations
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN LOGISTICS PLANNING
Jaba UTIASHVILI
Ministry of National Defense, Georgia
Abstract:Logistics planning faces significant challenges due to factors such as supply chain disruptions, rising costs, labour shortages, technological integration and sustainability and environmental impact, which can hinder efficiency and cost-effectiveness, requiring to adopt adaptive strategies and innovative solutions to navigate these obstacles successfully. The key point for logistician is a good planning, however, in today’s rapidly evolving business environment, logistics planners face numerous challenges that can significantly impact operational performance and customer satisfaction.
Key words: logistics; planning; challenges; geopolitics; supply chain; costs; sustainability.
OPTIMIZING THE HUMAN ELEMENT USING AI AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR TALENT MANAGEMENT AND FORCE READINESS IN DEFENSE
Eng. Dumitru-Cătălin VASILE, EMBA, PhD Student
The Doctoral School of the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Bucharest, Romania
National Defense University „Carol I”, Bucharest, Romania
“Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:This paper investigates the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in revolutionizing defense-sector talent management and force readiness. For decades, military organizations have operated on an industrial-age personnel model characterized by rigid career paths, seniority-based promotions, and aggregate readiness metrics. This legacy system is increasingly untenable in an era defined by multi-domain operations, cyber warfare, and a high-stakes „war for talent” against the private sector. We argue that AI/ML represents a paradigm shift from reactive personnel administration to predictive talent optimization. This paper analyzes the application of AI across the entire personnel lifecycle: from predictive recruitment and personalized adaptive training to dynamic career pathing and high-fidelity, individualized readiness tracking. It explores how ML models can identify high-potential recruits for specialized fields, create adaptive learning systems that optimize skill acquisition, and power „talent marketplaces” that align individual competencies with emerging strategic needs. Furthermore, we examine the use of AI in moving beyond static unit reports to a real-time, predictive model of force readiness, encompassing individual physical and cognitive well-being. The paper’s expected conclusions are threefold. First, the adoption of AI in talent management is no longer optional but a strategic imperative for maintaining a competitive military advantage. Second, this transition enables a move to a human-centric force, where individual potential is maximized, leading to higher retention and more effective „super teams.” Finally, this transformation is fraught with significant ethical and technical risks—including algorithmic bias, the „black box” problem, and new data vulnerabilities—that require the establishment of robust ethical guardrails and a „human-in-the-loop” governance framework.
Key words: Talent Management, Force Readiness, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Human Resources (HR), Predictive Analytics, Defense, Military Personnel, Adaptive Learning, War for Talent
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ECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS IN DEFENSE
Arsen VARDANYAN
Ministry of National Defense, Armenia
Abstract: It is estimated that a large portion of the country’s state budget is allocated to the defense sector, which includes armament, equipment, maintenance, and development of the armed forces, as well as training troops and ensuring security. These expenditures can be even greater if external threats threaten the country’s security or if the country needs to strengthen its defense system.
In order to facilitate national defense, the defense sector plays a critical function in fostering stability and security within the country, which, in itself, prevents any potential wars or internal tensions that would otherwise adversely affect the economy. From a budgetary perspective, each dollar spent by the military is one that will not be spent on other public resources. Though the military itself does not manufacture material commodities, a secure environment aids in promoting economic growth by attracting investors and ensuring normal trade. This, in turn, contributes an impressive part to the economy, both economically and non-economically.
Key words: defense; economy; industry; innovation.