6th edition of the International Scientific Conference
Defense Resources Management in the 21st Century
December 2nd – 3rd 2011, Brasov, Romania
Conference snapshots
ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION MODEL – NORTH
ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION LOGISTIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Petra KVAPILOVÁ, Eng.; Tomáš DVOŘÁK, Eng.
Department of Logistics, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
Abstract:
This paper describes and analyzes Supply Distribution Model (SDM) – module of a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Logistics Functional Area Services (LOGFAS) Infomation system which is used for supply chain modeling and simulation. SDM typically works with certain constraints and restrictions. Aim of this article is to outline solutions which may improve SDM’s explanatory power and practical use of output information. The proposal comes out of effective use of a supply unit (e.g. platoon) carrying out a supply job for more subjects. Bringing proposed mathematical methods into SDM may contribute to deal with current deficiencies.
Key words: LOGFAS, information system, SDM, supply, supply chain, distribution, mathematics, programing, transportation problem.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE GERMAN
FEDERAL ARMY (BUNDESWEHR)
Major Ec. Mihai Bogdan ALEXANDRESCU, PhD
Cultural and Social Center of Braşov, Romania
Abstract:
With its 320 thousand civilian and military employees, federal army represents one of the largest German employers. The German Armed Forces offers a wide range of varied and interesting professions and future careers for the military personnel.
Key words: management, policies, human resources, career, military profession, recruitment, selection.
THE MANAGERIAL/INTERNAL CONTROL
– APPROACH IN THE MILITARY –
Capt.cder.eng. Liviu BARCĂU
Romanian Air Forces Headquarters, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:
The current paper is aimed at concisely presenting the Ministry of National Defense approach related to the Managerial/Internal Control System in comply with the EU requirements and the national regulations in force at present.
Keywords: internal control standards, objectives, activities, operational procedures, risks, risks’ diagram
LEADERSHIP STYLES
LTC. Constantin DUTA
Ministry of National Defense, 4th Infantry Division Headquarters, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Abstract
In this paper, I tried to emphasize various styles of leadership, starting with three major types and others which until now, many theoreticians have found, by stressing some of the characteristics representative for each style of leadership described below. In addition, I outlined what kinds of leadership are suitable for military or business environment, trying to find out the type of structure where a specified style can be found. Nowadays, the environment continuously changes offering to a leader the opportunity to direct his or her people in a way that can fulfill or not the organizational objectives by using a proper style. This was my goal for choosing this topic, and to add some ideas from a military point of view. Of course, my paper has some limitations, but I have taken into consideration the fact that this topic will be on the target of many of us in order to develop, step by step, those leadership styles for the sake of our employees or subordinates, and for the organization .
Key words: leadership, styles, type, model, kind, manager, organization, leader, team, follower.
MOTIVATION. THE TAXONOMY OF THE THEORIES.
IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
MOTIVATIONAL PLAN
Lt.col. Ovidiu GEORGESCU
Specialist Psychologist, The Head of The Psychological Laboratory, ROMAN
Abstract:
The paper presents the most quoted theories of motivation, in order to have the basic to initiate an experimental methodology, in any institution. That could be necesary for the psychological equilibrum of individual, acting like a real sociometer.
Key words: methodology, human resources management, experimental research, motivation, instruments
HOW TO MAKE GOOD DECISIONS
Cpt. cder. GOGOAŞE Ştefan Teodor
Ministry of National Defence, Hellicopter Squadron, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Romania
Abstract:
Decisions are at the heart of leader success, and at times there are critical moments when they can be difficult, perplexing, and nerve-racking. However, the boldest decisions are the safest. In this paper, I want to present the process of making good strategic decisions through skillful employment of critical thinking. This paper highlights the importance of deciding based on thorough judgment. I will
emphasize the role of using own abilities through a focused and structured decision process in order to actively and pro-actively take decisions. Active decision-making involves a responsible choice that must be made, while pro-active decision-making is the practice of making decisions in advance just like „in the case of fire”. Many decisions, with huge or small impact, are being made by people on a daily basis in military or civilian life. Many are „good” decisions having to sustain a company’s strategy efficiently. Yet, many do not take into account all available information or further implications. The objective of decision-making process is to considerably increase the proportion of good decisions, and thus improving overall performance.
Keywords: decision, process, decision-making, implications, performance.
LEADERSHIP IN BATTLE COMMAND
LTC. Valentin IACOB
Chief of Staff, U.M. 01011, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
Abstract:
Battle Command is a leader-centered process rather than a staff-centered process that projects the mind and the will of the commander into the actions of the organization he or she leads. This paper examines the role of leadership in the battle command process highlighting the importance of a leader to the process. A brief analysis of a few major U.S. Army publications supported by few relevant historical examples, led to the main findings of this paper which highlights the fact that effective decision-making and leadership provide the main foundation for battle command. Therefore, the commander is central to future thinking, vision and leadership.
Key words: battle command, process, commander, leadership, leader, decision-making.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION
TO ACHIEVE PERFORMANCE
LTC. Lâsenko Antonela – Elena
Romanian Intelligence Service, Romania
Abstract:
This paper deals with the idea of performance being best predicted by the interaction of leaders’ability and motivation. There is no formula for motivation. In today’s world, leaders are keen to understand how their leadership is affecting motivation and how can it improve the work performance. The complexity of motivation is given by the influence of perceptions and a number of factors. Not all people are motivated the same thing, they all have different stimuli depending on their interests and time in their life. A good leader should understand all the factors that could motivate a person and should realize that not all people can be motivated by the same thing in order to achieve performance. So, this paper digs into the importance of motivation, which was discovered from the time immemorial by ancient strategists, and how they realized that motivation influences the people and their lives. First of all, the meaning of motivation and goal setting is emphasised. Then, the current approach on the issue of motivation and some existing causes of problems are identified. Next, a performance approach is discussed, together with the main objectives of performance evaluation. Finally, the influence of motivation on the performance achievement is described based on the leader – subordinates relationship. It is important for an army leader to be able to motivate subordinates to accomplish a physically challenging task or to perform a hazardous task that is dangerous and life threatening.
AIR FORCE LEADERSHIP
Cpt. Cder. Cristian-Daniel Păcuraru
The 71st Air Flotilla / Câmpia Turzii/ România
Abstract:
The opportunity to comand is a tremendous honor and responsability and unquestionably will be one of the most significant roles in Air Force career. The command is a special trust. The legal and moral responsabilities of the commanders exceed those of any other leader of similar position or autority. Nowhere else does a boss have responsibility for how the subordinates live and what they do after work. The very nature of the command is unique to the military, there is no civilian equivalent for this level of trust, autority and responsability. The essence of command is leadership, and the self example will set the standard for the entire organization. The institution looks to the commander to make sure that the mission succeeds, that the people receive the proper training and care and that the value survives. For this reson, the command is reserved for those individuals exhibiting only the highest levels of integrity, selflessness and excelence.
Key words: command, leadership, integrity, selflessness, mission, people.
OFFICERSHIP – THE KEYSTONE CONCEPT IN THE
MILITARY CAREER ARCHITECTURE
Marius Ioan POPENŢA, LTC,
Military Professor, Head of the Military Training Department
General Military Training Department / “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy /
Sibiu / Romania
Abstract:
This study consist into an undersized but necessary contribution to the Romanian Military Leadership challenging transformation, assuming that the “officership” concept will be (hopefully) used by the Armed Forces to define the desired model of graduates and expand measures to achieve this end state. To understand the way, we must first examine the past. The officership transformation can be adequately understood if we take a look into latest historical improvement of the topic. It makes sense to base this research by examining the developments regarding officership in the US Armed Forces, for instance, like an illustrative paradigm, and comparing it with the circumstances in our military organization. By expanding this investigation and put side by side the developments, a solid foundation could be created for describing this continuous “in progress” status of officership and the feasible alternative to get better in our system.
Key words: officership, leadership, education, career, management, character, expertise, responsibility.
THE ASIA-EUROPE MEETING – ASEM
Emilian M. DOBRESCU, Professor PhD Titular member of Romanian Academy of Science People from Romania,
Scientific Secretary of Section of Economic Sciences, Law and Sociology, SR grade I,
Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania e-mail: dobrescu@acad.ro
Edith Mihaela DOBRESCU, SR PhD
Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania e-mail: edithdobrescu@gmail.com
Abstract: Summits of the Countries in Asia and Europe (The Asia-Europe Meeting – ASEM) is a year informal process of Dialogue and Cooperation Bringing together the 28 member states of the European Union (EU), two Countries that has not EU members, the Union Europe itself, with 21 Asian Countries, together with the secretariat of the Association of South East Asian Cooperation (ASEAN). Level Dialogue ASEM has three pillars: political, economic and cultural, with the pursuit of Objectives Defining the relations between the two continental Regions of the world in the spirit of mutual respect and Equality to all our partners involved action. At summit meetings held Attended (in alphabetical order): Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Korea, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Russian Federation, Philippines, Finland, France Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, United Kingdom, Mongolia, Myanmar, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Romania, the ASEAN Secretariat, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Hungary, the European Union and Vietnam. Coordinators for Asia is Malaysia and Mongolia, and for Europe – European External Action Service and the country holding the rotating presidency of the Union.
Key words: Asia, Europe, summit, meeting
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION WHEN DEALING WITH EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND DISASTERS
PhD Candidate Andrei Eugen DRĂGUŢ
University of Bucharest/ Bucharest/ Romania
Abstract:
It is a well-known fact that when managing emergency situations and disasters there are many aspects to deal with, one of which is proper and efficient communication. This article stresses the importance of communication both when comes to preparing and dealing with emergency situations and disaster response.
Communication can play a major role in making the public aware of possible risks and the need for adequate individual and community preparation, as well it may help inform the public on how to act, what steps everybody should take and what are the safe places after a disaster has struck.
Key words: emergency preparedness, disaster response, disaster relief, emergency management, communication, information
THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL ORGANIZATION IN LABOR FORCE MANAGEMENT. STUDIES FROM THE EU-27 DATABASE
Vlad Ionut DUMITRACHE, PhD, Junior Lecturer
Gabriela RIMBU, PHd candidate
DRESMARA/Brasov/ Romania
ULBS/ Sibiu/Romania
Abstract:
The European Union has been dealing with an increasing unemployment in several member states. There is a shortage in the demand for labor. National and EU institution try to solve these challenges by different means. The appliance of cultural organization techniques from management theory is such a need.
The purpose of this paper is to study the attempts of EU member states in creating a more efficient and effective institutionalized system for the labor market using cultural organization as a mean to decrease unemployment, increase the demand of labor and better placement for the European workforce.
Key words: labor market, unemployment, cultural organization, workforce
CURRENT RESEARCH AREAS IN DEFENSE SOFTWARE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Kadir Alpaslan DEMIR*
Ebru CAYMAZ**
* Ph.D., Assistant Program Manager, Turkish Naval Research Center Command, Istanbul, Turkey
** Marmara University, Department of Organization and Management, Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract:
Scale and complexity of defense systems is increasing exponentially. Consequently, defense project schedules are long and system development costs are skyrocketing. Today, almost all large-scale defense systems are software and information technology intensive systems. Software and information systems project development in a defense context has domain-specific challenges in addition to existing challenges of large-scale system developments. Therefore, defense software and information systems project management is challenging. Current performance in many large-scale defense projects is low. Government reports list large-scale defense acquisition projects among high-risk projects. Experts point out the need for innovations on many areas of systems engineering, software engineering, and project management to successfully build large-scale systems and manage the development of these systems. According to the experts, incremental improvements will not be enough. Recent defense project experiences support the claim of these experts. Identifying the challenges and related research areas is the first step in attacking the defense acquisition problem. In this study, we identify the current major research areas in defense software and information systems project management.
Keywords: Project Management, Defense Project Management, Defense Software, Defense Information Systems, Defense Software Project Management, Defense Information Systems Project Management, Defense Acquisition, Defense Acquisition Management Research
ANTIPIRACY OPERATIONS AT SEA
THE COSTS OF PIRACY IN THE GULF OF ADEN AND SOMALI BASIN
Mihai EGOROV
Mass-Media Group of the Romanian Naval Forces
Abstract: Approximately 80% of world trade currently travels by sea, representing around 93,000 merchant vessels, 1.25 million seafarers, and almost six billion tons of cargo. When appear some disturbing factors, that affect the transfer of goods and the free transit on sea routes for civilian ships involved in trading, disorders of all specific processes are inevitable, starting from the delays to financial losses, lack of confidence and not the least occurrence of critical conditions that can culminate in life lost. About maritime piracy it was written very much, there have been made statistics, but it has not managed so far to put all these documents in a white book of piracy. The data presented in this paper are the results of corroborating statements transmitted by NATO, EU and the organizations involved in analyzing this phenomenon.
Key words: piracy, Gulf of Aden, Somali Basin, Ocean Shield, EU NAVFOR ATALANTA, CTF 151, ransom, internationally recommended Transit Corridor.
THE FUTURE WAR– A CONTEMPORARY MILITARY PHENOMENON IN THE LIGHT OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
eng. Ștefan Gabriel GEORGESCU, MSc. MA
Graduate of Postgraduate training and development program continues: „Critical Infrastructure Protection”
Carol I National Defense University, Faculty of Command and Staff,
Department of Strategic Leadership, Bucharest, Romania
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract: The idea of developing this article started from the need to present a unified and coherent conception of the fundamental problem of informational war as contemporary military phenomenon. In this article we will present topics such as: the emergence and development of future concepts of war; features contemporary military phenomenon from the perspective of critical infrastructure; War concept works type social conflict. Capable of international bodies (UN, EU, NATO, OSCE, CSTO, SCO, etc.) to face new challenges such as network warfare, transnational organized crime, terrorism information, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, to name just a few of the great dangers that could throw humanity into chaos and anarchy? Old tools can be effective (the system of international humanitarian law, intelligence, counterintelligence and security) to restore peace and prosperity of the peoples and nations of the world? Here are a few questions that bothers civil society alongside community politicians, the military, and not least the secret frontline protagonists. Of course every interrogation in part could be a separate research and meditation. A treat them together, mean an effort synthesis of all that is, or should be linked to the issue, so complex security. The approach is circumscribed efforts that have been made in recent years to develop a new conception of theoretical and practical future war as a phenomenon of the contemporary military and valorization of designed, they play an extremely important role in informing, but also in the formation of which it intends to deepen further this area.
Key words: future war, weapons of war, contemporary military phenomenon, critical infrastructure, war-type social conflict, war industrialization, vector power.
TERRORISM IS NOT RANDOM NOR CHAOTIC
PhD candidate Florina Daniela GHEORGHE
“Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy/ Bucharest/ Romania
Abstract:
Amid the multiplications of terrorist attacks in several areas of the Globe, it is important to understand the processes and conditions that lead to such events. Although they might seem random, we must take into account the Aristotle’s concept according to which “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. In complex adaptive systems, a relatively small number of players react to a set of changeable, dynamic, situational factors. Furthermore, they are not repeated in any known pattern and cannot be malleable in a predictive analysis.
Analyzing terrorist networks as complex systems, this paper examines the general framework looking to understand their interlocking elements.
Key words: complex adaptive systems, terrorism, random, dynamic, networks
An Operative Area for Amphibious Ships: Fighting Piracy
Alper GÜNORAL *
Fahri ERENEL **
Strategic Research Institute, Defence Resource Management, Turkey
Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Turkey
Abstract:
Piracy has always been a big problem for sea routes. Several years ago the Gulf of Eden was the high risk area for mariners. United Nations task groups, big war ships took charge for maritime security and 2016 became a quieter year in that area. But piracy never diminished globally despite total efforts and millions of dollars spent. The new High Risk Areas seem to be Gulf of Guinea and around Malacca Strait. Malacca Strait is also a narrower and risky area for big ships. This article compares different kinds of warships, to offer a new way of fighting against piracy, while reducing costs for flag states and increasing effectiveness.
Key Words: Maritime security, amphibious ships, piracy, BMP4, IMO, Malacca Strait, Gulf of Guinea.
CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE UTILITY OF USING THE TOPSIS METHOD IN DEFENSE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Dumitru IANCU, Associate Professor, PhD
“Nicolae Balcescu” Land Forces Academy/Sibiu/Romania
Abstract:
The decisions are the trigger of all human action and calls for choice optimal variant based on multiple criteria or more decision-makers. TOPSIS method leads to facilitate this process and generate a solution for final decision-maker closer to the reality of context. The complexity of phenomena that NATO faces in the current period, especially in the next, require to conjugate the ideas of all allies to identify the most appropriate solutions for the future. Why is this approach necessary? The direction in which Alliance is moving, or the activities that will be held by it, depend on the interests and potential of each country to support it.
Key words: intercultural communication, military, stereotypes, pre-deployment training, cultural awareness
IMPORTANCE OF TEAMWORK IN ORGANIZATIONS
Elena-Roxana IRINA
House of Educational Staff Neamț
Neamț County, Romania
Abstract: Organizations are much more likely to perform well, when their employees work as a team. Good teamwork creates synergy, where the combined effect of the team is greater than the sum of individual efforts. According to specialists, teamwork in organization involve communication between employees, share responsibilities, ideas, active listening, in accomplishing the task. It is important to bond one with one another, for improving the relations between the employees. In common tasks it is important to work together, because cooperation to a common task is a chance for the new employees to learn from the other with more experience, for new acquire skills.
Key words: team, teamwork, communication, cooperation, diversity, common approach, responsibility
MODELS OF COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE ON THE STATE LEVEL. COMMON ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTIC LANDMARKS
Loredana IVAN, PhD Candidate
„Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:
A competitive environment allows the market to operate efficiently; nevertheless, enhancing competitive performance throughout the economic environment means monitoring the economic relations and adjusting them by using public policies. Countries are forced to constantly adapt their economies, a reality which generates a permanent need for updated and relevant information. In order to prevent and combat the undesirable effects of the competition that characterizes a global market, countries with large economies rely on systems that help them improve the competitiveness of their economy; in the context, important tools seem to be data and information collection, processing and analysis.
In the post-war era, some countries such as Japan, France, the USA and Great Britain chose to develop and implement power strategies, which allow them to better cope with the challenges associated with the worldwide economic competitiveness.
On the other hand, many of the ex-Soviet countries still have neither national programs nor significant initiatives oriented towards the good-practices passed on by most of the economic developed countries. Intern political competition, still largely spread within these countries, hindered the shaping of essential concerns that could place resources in the process of framing real systems, aiming at enhancing economic competitiveness. Moreover, due to a lack of strong administrative capacity and a tendency towards corruption, visible especially among civil servants, during the last decades major errors have been committed at an intern economic level. As a consequence, this deepened even more the gap between these countries and the ones that had understood what weapons need to be used in order to conquer territories and people’s minds.
Keywords: economic intelligence, economic competitiveness, national interest.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE MILITARY REALM – THE ROLE OF STEREOTYPES94
Alexandru KIS, PhD
NATO HUMINT Centre of Excellence / Oradea / Romania
Abstract:
Intercultural communication refers to the study of the dynamic interactional patterns between people of different cultures, an aspect which is very important within the military realm – being it the interaction between members of different armies acting within combined operations, or soldiers interacting with local population in theatres of operations.
In the design of intercultural communication, stereotypes originate from social categorization and nourish preconceptions that can critically influence the desired effects of different activities carried out by military.
The paper provides arguments for including the study of stereotypes within the cultural awareness training in the military at all levels, as enabler for better understanding the interpersonal communication mechanisms.
Key words: intercultural communication, military, stereotypes, pre-deployment training, cultural awareness
THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE AND THE SECURITY CHALLENGES IN
THE WIDER BLACK SEA REGION. PRESENT AND FUTURE
Ioan Codruţ LUCINESCU, PhD
„Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy, Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:
As a strategic intersection connecting the Middle East, Eurasia and Europe, the Black Sea Region appears to be one of the world’s critical crossroads.
The Ukrainian crisis has prompted deep concerns among Atlantic community, shedding a new light on the strategic relevance of the Black Sea region to Europe’s security. Russia’s annexation of Crimea in March 2014 has furthermore demonstrated the poor degree of readiness of the euro-Atlantic community to deal with asymmetric challenges and covert actions.
Washington, whose interests have been defined by State Secretary Hillary Clinton, as turned toward the Pacific, aimed to operate a historical shift from the focus on the defense of the Old Continent to the competition with China over the Asia-Pacific stage. The Ukrainian crisis and the subsequent worsening of Russia-West relations is nevertheless likely to re attract Washington in the region.
The study aims to address the core issues of security in the Wider Black Sea Region, by focusing on the regional changes determined by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Also, the use of hard power as a defining instrument of the Russian foreign policy imposes the need for NATO, and implicitly Romania, to adapt its security policies in accordance with the new security challenges.
Key words: The Wider Black Sea Region, NATO, Russia, security challenges.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE STATE POLICY ON INCREASING THE SUSTANAIBLITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
DURING SPECIAL PERIOD
Bahruz MAMMADOV, PhD*
Aziz TALIBOV, PhD**
* Asst. Prof. of Military Academy of Armed Forces/Deputy Head of Department of Ministry of Economy/Baku/Azerbaijan
**Professor of Military Academy of Armed Forces/ Ministry of Defense/Baku/Azerbaijan
Abstract:
The increasing the sustainability of the national economy during special period is one of the key elements of the state defense policy. Therefore, this article explores the directions of developing state policy and the regulation of its monitoring, forecasting, planning, control, economic, legal and institutional management.
Key words: economic sustainability, special period, monitoring and forecasting, planning and etc.
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PREDICTION FOR A RADIO WIDEBAND HF NETWORKS
Valentin MANIU
Decebal” Training Center for Communications and Information Tehnology /
Sibiu /Romania
Abstract:
The standard MIL-STD-188-110C contains an appendix (Appendix D) defining a new family of wideband HF data waveforms supporting bandwidths from 3 kHz to 24 kHz in increments of 3 kHz. This family of waveforms extends the high performance serial tone modem technology of the MIL-STD-188-110B standard to wider bandwidths and much higher data rates, allowing users the option of selecting the bandwidth and modulation so as to optimize modem performance under the prevailing HF channel characteristics. However, fully realizing the potential of these new waveforms will require enhanced capabilities in other elements of an HF communications system, notably including a new ‘Fourth Generation’ (‘4G’) Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) capability. This paper discusses requirements and design objectives for such technique, design concepts, and prediction tools for reliable frequency management.
Keywords: design concepts, prediction tools, frequency management.
CO-SITE INTERFERENCE IN RADIO NETWORKS
Valentin MANIU
Decebal” Training Center for Communications and Information Tehnology /
Sibiu /Romania
Abstract:
The radio spectrum is a limited national resource, essential for some governmental applications and increasingly important for a series of non-governmental applications. RF co-site interference has been around since the advent of wireless communications equipment and the problem is getting worse as the need for new RF/Microwave communication systems grow. It has become more important than ever to have an understanding of RF co-site interference, what the terms mean and what tools are available to address the problem. One thing is certain; RF co-site interference is not going away and will become worse over time as new wireless systems proliferate the environment. The article addresses the issue of radio resource allocation when using a large number of emission and reception sources for means of communication and non-communication in a small area. Locating several emission sources in the same site leads to different types of disturbing signals: emissions outside the bandwidth, harmonics and intermodulation. The article categorizes and describes these sources, presents the results of measurements distinguishing them, as well as the results of implementing some protective measures.
Keywords: co-site interference , intermodulation, out of band emissions.
ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Emanoil MUSCALU, PhD*, Mihai NEAG**, PhD,
Elisabeta-Emilia HALMAGHI**
* “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, ** “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu
Abstract:
Essential structural component of sustainable development, economic dimension manifests itself as a global, universal, unitary, the interrelations between subsystems components: national economies, global division of labor, international economic relations, world economy. They have the ability to create a new framework for sustainable development causing the same time, structural changes in social and environmental areas.
Key words: sustainable development, economic size, economic development.
THE FROZEN CONFLICTS STRATEGY
THE RUSSIAN INDIRECT APPROACH TOWARD USSR
SECURITY STUDIES – THE CRIMEA CASE
Florin NĂFORNIȚĂ
Independent researcher /Constanta/ Romania
Abstract:
Starting from the main characteristics of frozen conflicts, this paper assesses the Ukraine crisis, analyzing the main drivers and key factors that underlie the conflict situation. In order to achieve a complete picture, these factors cover the main instruments that Russia managed to drive the crisis: the exceptional status of Crimea, the settlement of Russian Black Sea Fleet naval base on Crimea, the Russian Information Campaign, and the energy weapon by Russia. Eventually, some recommendation for the role of U.S. military will conclude, in order to frame a desired end-state for regional and international détente.
Key words: frozen, conflicts, crisis, drivers, factors
ENERGY SECURITY.
BLACK SEA – CASPIAN SEA CORRIDOR
Mihai NEAG, PhD, Elisabeta-Emilia HALMAGHI
“Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu
Abstract:
Amid divergent economic and strategic interests of the great regional and international powers, energy security remains a complex problem which requires pragmatic solutions tailored to the needs of security. Stability and economic prosperity on the Black Sea – Caspian Sea corridor can not be understood and strengthened but in relation to the stability and prosperity of the states in this area, but also in proximity. Analysing power relations and conflict developments in this region, but also those in the surrounding areas, it can be noticed that the instability of part of the system is transmitted in it, and the consequences are serious, varied and difficult to manage.
Key words: energy security, Black Sea, Caspian Sea.
F-16 AS A TOOL IN US FOREIGN POLICY. SKETCHES ABOUT RIMLAND DIPLOMACY
Silviu-Valentin PETRE, PhD, University Assistant
„Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy, Bucharest
Abstract: United States armed forces are in full process or renewing their paraphernalia in order to cope to a polycentric XXI century environment. As some items are tossed away while other like F-35 promise to keep the edge, older equipment is transformed in bargain chip and tool of foreign policy. Such is the case with the F-16 jet, given to friendly countries to deepen alliances. This paper tries to find patterns of US military diplomacy engaging the writings of Nicholas Spykman and Karl Polanyi.
Key words: F-16, United States, Romania, Portugal, geoeconomy, rimland, Nicholas Spykman, Karl Polanyi
ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES AND MANAGEMENT PREREQUISITES OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
University Lecturer Brîndușa Maria POPA, PhD
The Regional Department of Defense
Resources Management Studies /National Defense University of Romania „Carol I”/
Brașov / Romania
Abstract:
In a highly competitive global economy, it is becoming more and more obvious that the real organizational competitive advantage is represented by the employees. The organization’s members are the most important assets, and the manner they are organized and mobilized depends on the knowledge, skills, competencies, attitudes and behavior of the people in management structures. Management structuctures determine the direction of organizational activities in order to achieve the goals and objectives in the most efficient way, without affecting the quality of results. However, most of the time, organizational success does not depend only on the education and skills of the employers, but also on the way the employees perceive their relationship with the organization.
Key words: commitment, loyalty, employee, management, needs, career, profession, occupation, values, satisfaction
CONTROL OF KEY MARITIME STRAITS – CHINA’S GLOBAL STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
Alba Iulia Catrinel POPESCU, PhD
Abstract: On the 28th of March 2015 the Chinese government published „VISION AND ACTIONS ON BUILDING the NEW SILK ROAD, jointly the ECONOMIC AND 21ST – CENTURY MARITIME SILK ROAD”139. This document signifies China’s decision to become a global hegemon. This Chinese African – Eurasian „silk bridge” strategy redirected geopolitical analysts’ attention away from another Beijing’s strategic objectives: control of key maritime straits, especially those featuring „maritime chokepoints”, where concentrations of commercial and military naval routes flow. Which are the main maritime straits covered by the Chinese „offensive”? What are the geostrategic implications of this approach?
Key words: Belt and Road Initiative, China, maritime straits, maritime constriction points, maritime hubs, oil traffic, global shores, hegemony.
THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM- AN ALTERNATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH TO THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
Anamaria POPESCU
Abstract: The actual multi-headed Intelligence System, even if grouped under National Intelligence Community (NIC) umbrella, presents dis-functionalities. Why? Because each member feeds ready made products according to its own system objectives, means and vision. Those are not necessary compatible with the other systems needs, and they require additional processing to be used. Decision process is difficult, sometimes impossible.
All Intelligence Systems overlap on certain areas and block change in all of them. Each system has its own best capabilities in different areas. This issue generates either confusions, either lack of responsibility or even become public battle fields (the worst manifestation of the relationships between systems, generating a loss of credibility)
All systems have the same mission: to defend national assets (resources, people and values). All systems use their own resources (partly based on same technologies), sometimes for the same purpose, and end up with different conclusions, due to experience, perspective and authority. The waist in all kinds of resources is huge. Grouped, they might be much more insightful, powerful, and successful. But each system developed the „all-mighty” ego that should be overcome for the national interest. Other reasons block also the fusion.
Key-Words: Alternative, Theory, National Intelligence, Community, Integrated System, Defense, Homeland Security, Foreign Affairs, Law Enforcement.
THE SEMIOSPHERE OF ADVERTISING AND CULTURE
Associate Professor Maria-Magdalena POPESCU, MA, PhD
Carol I National Defense University
Abstract: Should we take for granted that semiosis stands for any form of activity, conduct and process that involves signs and the meaning they produce, then it comes right to say that semiosis is to be identified with any form of publicity and advertising. Moreover, advertising is as ubiquitous as the individuals themselves and as technological progress outputs. In this context, Lotman’s concepts of semiosphere (2005) encompass the meaning and the effect, the signs and audience, along with Bandura’s triadic view on the continuum between the human, his existence, his behaviour and the context in which he reacts. In the light of all the above stated, the present paper comes to explore whether advertising the same product or service in various cultures needs to be tackled differently or whether slight background differences change the meaning due to cultural variations. Can the same advertisement be advanced interculturally? This is an endeavour in finding out whether Krylov’s fable (1946) about the pearl “What they don’t understand they regard as trivial” still stands in terms of intercultural advertising or whether the promotion goes ahead unspoilt due to the intrinsic features of the product. Are the psychological mechanisms beyond the advertising product solely responsible for the decoding of meaning or is it Badura’s triad at stake? These and other aspects are to be explained in the current paper.
Key words: advertising, publicity, culture, social learning, semiosphere, semiotics
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING INFORMATION WARFARE AND COMPETITIONS IN THE CURRENT GLOBAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
Constantin RAICU
Independent researcher / Brasov / Romania
Abstract:
The idea of warfare using information as a weapon is not new. Yet, many experts from different countries consider information warfare more and more actual, due to the evolution of information technology. The recent attention given to information warfare does not mark the birth of a new form of conflict. Rather, it marks a significant change in the implications of an old one.
This is the main idea that embraces the approach of the present paper. By comparing different views on information warfare, through the evolution of global security environment, we are better able to understand from the opposite perspectives which are the security issues that challenge the actors or might become opportunities for them to prevail. Also, hybrid warfare is equally one of the major challenges that nations face in current times and therefore it must be considered increasingly more.
Moreover, information warfare implications in the current global security environment can be better understood to the extent that it is observed and analyzed in the context of recent conflicts.
Key words: information warfare, information operations, information environment, (critical) information infrastructure, information technology, hybrid warfare, cyber warfare, global stakeholders.
TRANSFORMATION AND ADAPTATION – A PERMANENT FEATURE OF NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
Sorin ROHOZNEANU
Defence Policy and Planning Department/ Bucharest/ Romania
Abstract:
This paper examines the main transformation and adaptation measures taken by NATO between its establishment in 1949 and with a view to the upcoming Warsaw Summit in 2016. NATO has been engaged in continuous transformation for many years to ensure that it has the policies, capabilities and structures required to deal with current and future challenges, including the collective defence of its members. With Allied forces militarily engaged across several continents, the Alliance needs to ensure that its armed forces remain modern, deployable, interoperable and sustainable. The changes in the security environment have forced the Alliance to adapt continuously. The effects of financial crisis, reset the relationship with Russia, NATO’s nuclear status, creating anti-missile shield, NATO commitment in Afghanistan, new threats like cyber-attacks and hybrid warfare, the ambitions of international terrorist groups, the emergence of new players in the world are the main factors that gave rise to the need to transform the Alliance to ensure an adequate response.
I do consider the subject of major relevance today as well as in the next future, and the paper could provide a ground for further analyses and improvements to be useful for those interested in understanding how and why the Alliance resisted over time and what still needs to be done to remain relevant as a political-military Alliance.
Key words: NATO, Alliance, transformation, adaptation, reform, Summit, measures.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Amelia RUS
Incipio Vita
Arad County, Romania
Abstract: In an organization formal and informal communication is used. Organizational communication has the function to inform, persuade and promote goodwill; the flow of communication could be formal or informal. The concept of bounded rationality which challenged assumptions about the perfect rationality of communication participants was introduced by Herbert A. Simon.
Key words: formal , informal communication, good information, performance
AN EVALUATION ON F-35 JOINT STRIKE FIGHTER: TURKISH PERSPECTIVE
Murat ŞENGÖZ, Ph.D.
Turkish General Staff
Mustafa Kemal TOPCU, Ph.D.
Defense Management Consultancy
Abstract:
Turkey as well as Italy, the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Australia, and Denmark is a member of consortium to produce next generation fighter. Since JSF as the future king of aerospace fighters enhances Turkey’s aerospace competition, Turkey attaches great importance to the program. Because the program is also promising to promote domestic base as well as to create employment, improve trade balance, promote innovation, and provide off-set. To this end, the study aims at revealing issues regarding political, economic and social grounds.
Key words: JSF Program, Aerospace, Turkish Aerospace Industries, Turkish Air Force, F-35.
CIO, RESPONSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES
Azhar Ali SHERAZ
Pakistan Armed Forces
Abstract:
Chief information officer (CIO) is a job title commonly given to the most senior executive in an enterprise responsible for the information technology and computer systems that support enterprise goals. In simple words he is bridge between the management and technology. The chief information officer at one organization could have an entirely different set of responsibilities from the CIO of any other organization keeping in view the tasks and roles. However, in all the cases, the job of CIO’s is to innovate, collaborate, balance the IT budget and motivate IT staff.
Key words: CIO, Manager, responsibilities, challenges.
ISLAMIC STATE ONLINE PROPAGANDA
Daniela ȘTEFANESCU, PhD candidate
Mihai Viteazul National Intelligence Academy / Bucharest/ Romania
Abstract: The Islamic State use of social media and its social media presence have become the 21st century main terrorist threat. The organization reached a meteoric rise worldwide by its impressive and well-planned multilingual social media campaign which included videos, pictures, magazines, Islamic nasheeds, and the widespread use of social platforms, especially Twitter and Telegram. Thus, the Islamic State transformed itself into a global brand synonymous with terrorism and Salafist Islam.
This paper will analyze the Islamic State online strategy and discourse in general as well as its strategic goals, target audience, and related social media to underline the professional and calculated social media information campaign of the Islamic State, which resemble very much to political PR campaigns.
Key words: campaign, online propaganda, terrorist, modus operandi, social networking
EUROPEAN UNION’S RESPONSE TO THE RECENT SECURITY CHALLENGES
Ileana TACHE, Professor, PhD
Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Admnistration/ Brasov/ Romania
Monica RAILEANU-SZELES, Professor, PhD
Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Admnistration/ Brasov/ Romania
Madalin Sebastian ION, Ph.D. student
Lucian Blaga University / Sibiu/ Romania
Abstract:
This paper examines the most recent security challenges for the European Union (EU) – a field of external EU policies which, unlike other areas like trade, enlargement, neighborhood policy, development assistance and humanitarian aid, is not yet a deeply integrated process. The emerging security issues are scrutinized from a policy perspective, highlighting some of the key issues raised in the contemporary literature. They are also analyzed with a view of their intractability and challenges for the relevance of the pacifist principles promoted by the EU. We attentively consider EU’s efforts to adapt to the fluid, evolving security agenda of the last years and the mixed record in confronting the Arab spring, the Iran nuclear ambitions, the Ukrainian crisis, the EU’s fight against the Islamic State (ISIS) and the refugee crisis. Each case presented requires reexamining current EU strategy and identifying alternative strategies for assuring security in the EU.
Key words: EU, security, challenges, alternatives
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS
Florentina VASILIU-MOISE
House of Educational Staff Neamț
Neamț County, Romania
Abstract: Performance management is focused on the employees, on the team from the organization, and the organization as a whole. A good performance management help your organization raise individual performance, foster ongoing employee and supervisor development, and increase overall organizational effectiveness. Some proponents argue that there is a clear and immediate correlation between using performance management programs or software and improved business and organizational results. Organizations typically manage employee performance over a formal twelve month period.
Key words: management, performance, goals, rewards, results, feedback, strategy